China’s Dual State Revival Under Xi Jinping

Under President Xi Jinping, China has undergone autocratic reclosure. Drawing on Fraenkel’s 1940 analysis of Germany’s then dictatorship as a duality of coexisting normative and prerogative modes of governance established to normalize ‘emergency’ exemptions from legality, this Article argues that this process can be understood as a Dual State revival at a point in time when rule of law corroded in liberal-democratic systems with more robust legal institutions and protections

Waste No Land: Property, Dignity and Growth in Urbanizing China

The Chinese state does not allow rural collectives to sell land, but takes land from them and makes it available on the urban property market. While rural land rights are thus easily obliterated, the newly created urban rights in what used to be rural land enjoy legal protection. The state justifies these land takings by the need for urbanization and economic growth. The takings have resulted in an impressive contribution of the construction and property sector to state revenue and GDP growth, but also in unfairness toward peasants evicted from their land and homes. The example discussed here shows that certain economic theories of property rights are consistent with discrimination and should therefore be rejected. A further conclusion is that we must reconsider the claim that property rights are desirable because they serve economic growth. The discussion here contributes to an understanding of property in terms of dignity, rather than wealth

Waste No Land: Property, Dignity and Growth in Urbanizing China

The Chinese state does not allow rural collectives to sell land, but takes land from them and makes it available on the urban property market. While rural land rights are thus easily obliterated, the newly created urban rights in what used to be rural land enjoy legal protection. The state justifies these land takings by the need for urbanization and economic growth. The takings have resulted in an impressive contribution of the construction and property sector to state revenue and GDP growth, but also in unfairness toward peasants evicted from their land and homes. The example discussed here shows that certain economic theories of property rights are consistent with discrimination and should therefore be rejected. A further conclusion is that we must reconsider the claim that property rights are desirable because they serve economic growth. The discussion here contributes to an understanding of property in terms of dignity, rather than wealth

Le souvenir persistant des injustices historiques en Chine :

Cet article décrit deux formes de réparations institutionnelles pour les injustices historiques en Chine contemporaine, cherchant à montrer que l’une est autoritaire, l’autre libérale, et qu’aucune n’est totalement satisfaisante. Certaines victimes de persécutions politiques ne reconnaissent plus à l’État le droit de désigner des citoyens comme ennemis, et ébranlent ainsi l’idée autoritaire de réévaluation corrective officielle de ces mesures. D’autre part, les voies libérales de réparation par le biais de décisions judiciaires sont pour l’instant restées inaccessibles à la plupart des victimes d’injustices historiques ; mais même si elles s’ouvraient, ces voies ne pourraient devenir significatives que si elles étaient accompagnées d’une libération de la mémoire et de l’opinion.